NCCS (National Children's Cancer Society) may you with certain costs
1-800-4-FAMILY
children's cancer
Pediatric Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Cancers.net
Dictionary of terms
link between ultrasound
and leukemia?
Relationship of power lines to ALL gets negative assurance, but where is the positive assurance?
The process of the creation of a blood cell:
Haemopoetic Cell==>differentiates to one cell type (matures)==>to cell death
Haemopoetic cell==> becomes either Lymphoid or myeloid
A. if the haemopoetic cell differentiates as a myleoid cell line then, these are the possiblities
Myleoid progenitors==> Reticulocyte
==> Erythrocytes
==> Megakaryoctye
==> Platelet
==>
Promonocyte ==> Monocyte-Macrophage
==>
Granulocyte ==> Neutrophil
==> Eosinophil
==> basophil
==> Mast Cell
B. if the haemopoetic cell differentiates into a Lymphoid cell line then, these are the possibilities
a. Either they become Lymphoid progenitors maturing into B cells,
==>some b cells
express CD5B
==> some b cells do
not express CD5B
or,
b. They become one of several types of T cells
==> T helper/inducer cells
==> T cell
==> T cytotoxic cells
==> T suppressor cells
==> NK cells
(natural killer)
.... These bone marrow derived haemopotic cells produce (or better said, mature into
any one of the above cell types) both the
myeloid and lymphoid system of cells..all of which are
commonly derived from the haemopotic cells.. Note: i did not go
into how the haemopotic cells are embryologically derived
or their interaction and differentiation in the Thymus ( tha t is a
story for another day)
Cells differentate through stages.. A cell that becomes maglinant (is
defective) starts to be cloned..over and over and over again and the cloned cells are
themselves cloned because control mechanisms which normally regulate the cell are
alternated.. It seems that when Lymphoid cells become maligant, they cease normal
development to maturity . Not only do the cells which have developed a malignancy
fail to develop to maturity, but also all of the offspring of the now maglinant cells stop
their development at the same early stage of development as did the original malignant
cell (that is clones of malignant cells themselves mature only to the
stage in development that was enjoyed by the developing cell at the time it developed its
malignancy.)..
What that means is.. malignant cells create a brand new cell line..one that is
specific to maglinant cells.. the development cycle of all cells derived from the
maglinant cell line is therefore different from the development cycle of existing normal
still developing lymphoid cells and newly created cells from progenitor cells .
because the clones or offspring of the maligant cells also do not mature like normal lymphoid cells.. instead, they are mature when they reach the stage at which the maligant momma cell
mature from stem cells to mature B and Plasma cells, abnormal or magligant cells cease to mature beyond the growth stage that they were at
As cells emerge in embryonic form (STEM cells), they mature to be Early B cells then to
be Mature B cells and then to be complete plasma cells. Cells express different surface
antigens at different stages. The expressions can be used as markers of development
by an immunologist to identify the cell's stage in its development and life cycle.. these
markers, when the cell expresses them, can be stained (with enzymes) and made visible to
examination them under a microsope.
Using the presence of these stains one can classify the stage in the life cycle that a
cell is in. ( as i understand it; cell markers that are important in classification of
lymphocytic leukaemias are, the following):
Chronic
Lymphocyte Commom
Pre-B B-cell
T-cell Lymphocytic
Marker
ALL
All
ALL
ALL leukaemia
CALLA
+
+
-
- -
Cytoplasmic mu
-
+
-
- -
Surface
mu
-
-
+
- +
k +
Lambda
-
-
-
- -
Pan
-B
-
+
+
- +
TdT
+
+
-
+ -
CD5
?
-
-
+ +
CD2
-
-
-
+ -
HLA-DR
+
+
+
- +
plus (+) means the cell test positive for the presence of the lymphocyte marker
Note: CALLA is the Antigen that is specific for lymphoid precursor cells and pre b cells.
Thank the Hanson Centre for
Cancer Research in Austrialia for the following two links
What is a tissue
typing test?
Patient Level
summary to be studied, a lot can be learned from this site..
Using the capacity of the
Leukaemic Stem Cell to Induce Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) to determine phenotype
3
Therapies (edu, resch clinical care) guide patient (family+MD) re benefits/ harm of herbs,
vitamins, dietary changes, mind-body and other complementary therapies, collect info,
provide services and research on therapy interaction w chemotherapy, radiation and etc
children with cancer receive.has written, audio and visuals on pediatric oncology and
complementary and alternative medicine."
For the interested, a $330,
ISBN 0-8153-2753-5, 1320 page reference on leucocyte surface antigens, click here
Stem Cell Factor found to Induce
Clincal Procedures:
For your clinician to find a laboratory that can
do clinical mutation analysis
This The Handbook of
Transfusion Medicine (looking through this might help someday) is available on line, click
here
Laboratory Procedures:
Methods for leucocyte
preparation and hair follicle collection
AFCG
STANDARDS FOR LEUKAEMIA AND LYMPHOMA PHENOTYPING
AFCG
Clinical Standards: Auto/All Antibodies- Flow Cytometry
AFCG
Clinical Standards: DNA -Flow Cytometry
Cancer in Children - Environmental Causes
other links:
http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/jnci/issue8/87-560.html
http://www.leukaemia.demon.co.uk/leukclus.htm